The calculated results obtained by available models show that the pentagon model for the distribution of lateral soil pressure is of significance to design , stability analysis and cost budget of composite soil nail bracing structure 计算结果表明，所提出的“五边形”侧土压力分布模式与实测结果相符合，与现有的侧土压力分布模式相比更加合理，对复合土钉支护结构的整体设计、稳定性分析、工程造价预算等具有指导意义和应用价值。
Too much embankment of filled soil will result the destroy of road surface or instability of high - stack soil ; soil pressure at the top of culvert is the key parameter of culvert structure design , more or less of the parameter will result in economic waste or failure of structure 堤顶沉降过大，轻者破坏路面，重者路堤失稳，涵洞顶部土压力是涵洞结构设计的控制指标，计算过大导致经济浪费，过小导致涵洞开裂，影响其使用寿命。
Sheet piles is often used for excavation protection in costal areas of china . one pile with three usages means sheet piles are used to support loads from superstructures and to sustain lateral soil pressure for the basement besides working as retaining structures during excavation “一桩三用”是指围护排桩除了在基坑开挖中作为挡土结构之外，也作为建筑物工程桩承担上部结构荷载同时还作为地下室外墙抗侧压力结构体系的一部分。
Some beneficial results of the csnw ' s behaviors are gotten . main research contents as follows : ( 1 ) the four destruction models and respective stability analysis methods are discribed in this paper , whose working mechnism and calculating methods are given . in addition , some defects of every method are also discussed ; ( 2 ) on the basis of traditional active soil pressure method and expirical siol pressure method , the calculating model of the laternal earth pressure which is a tetragon with the largest value in the center side is addressed 主要工作如下： ( 1 )本文给出了复合土钉墙的稳定性分析方法，该方法介绍了复合土钉墙的四种破坏类型，分析了每种破坏类型的受力机理，并给出了相应的计算方法和计算方法中的一些不足； ( 2 )在传统的主动土压力和经验土压力的基础上，建立了土钉墙中间大、上下小的四边形状分布的侧向土压力的计算模式。
In the paper , other research results are summarized , and a big test model indoor of row pile retaining and protecting deep foundation pit is designed . for homogeneous soil or samdwich soil structure three different retaining and protecting kinds : dense pile , thin pile and without pile are designed , using excavation simulation and loading on the top of slope , the model test is divided into two stages : foundation pit excavation simulation stage and destroy test stage . in this paper , for three different retaining and protecting kinds , the relation between soil pressure and displacement of piles , the relation between soil stress and strain , interaction of pile and soil and retaining and protecting loss - stability destroy are systemic studied 本文总结了前人研究成果，构筑大型室内深基坑排桩支护试验模型，在均质及层状土层结构地基上，设计了密排桩、疏排桩及无支护三种不同支护型式，采用模拟开挖与坡顶均布加荷方式，进行了模拟基坑开挖和破坏性的两个阶段试验，对三种不同支护型式的土压力与桩位移、土体应力与变形、桩土共同作用及支护结构失稳破坏进行系统研究。
Abstract : based on soil plasticity and limit analysis theory , the second failure surface of backfill behind retaining wall with gentle back surface are studied from two view points of maximum active soil pressure and minimum resistive overturning safety factor , and it is further considered that the minimum resistive overturning safety factor is the best approach to studying the failure mechanism of backfill under complex back surface conditions of retaining structures 文摘:基于土的塑性极限分析理论，从挡土墙最小抗倾覆安全系数和挡土墙背上的最大主动土压力两个角度，分别研究了坦墙后土体中第二破裂面的位置，认为在复杂的挡土结构墙背条件下，用最小抗倾覆安全系数来研究挡土墙后土体的破坏机制较为合理。
The evolution , state of the art and the developing trend of the lateral seismic inertia force calculation for retaining wall and / or bridge abutment and the calculation of the seismic cohesive backfill soil pressure are reviewed . the approaches of seismic analysis of retaining walls and bridge abutments in the current highway codes of china are studied in detail and the shortcomings in the analysis procedure and the necessity of further improvements to them are pointed out 综合评述国内外公路工程抗震设计规范中地震作用计算方法以及地震土压力计算方法的演进历史及现状，详细分析我国现行公路工程抗震设计规范中挡土墙和桥台的抗震验算方法，指出存在的问题和解决这些问题的必要性。
Based on the engineering practices and indoor model exams , and according to the distortion character of the holding sheet , the paper obtains that it is the distortion character of the holding sheet induces the forming of the unloading arch . on the effect of the unloading arch , the soil pressure behind the sheets is transferred to the columns . the sheets only support the soil pressure inside the arch 在对工程实践及室内模型试验进行分析探讨的基础上，本文以挡板的变形特征为理论分析出发点，得出正是由于挡板的变形特征导致挡板后卸荷拱的形成，在卸荷拱的作用下，挡板后土体直接将土压力作用于桩锚立柱上，而挡板仅承受卸荷拱体内土体的土压力的结论。
With the help of this program , this paper does research on the moved backwards of the slide surface , lengthening the anchor section , the soil nail ' s total force , gets conclusion about relations between the soil nail ' s length and the slope ' s grade , height , soil ' s mechanical parameter ; relations between soil nail ' s total force and coulomb soil pressure . with the help of the large multiuse finite element program ansys , this paper analyzes the soil nailing in one - step ' s slopes , in two - steps " slopes , puts the emphasis on the axis force ' s distributing along the soil nail at each rows , the effect of both the excavating mode and the original slope figure to the axis force of the soil nail , the one another effect between the upper - step slope and the nether - step slope in the soil nail ' s axis force , gets conclusion about the design of soil nail at the first low , different slope body is the same with different excavating mode , the original slope figure has more effect to some than others because of the slope body , the reasonably design of the step width in two - steps slopes , the two - steps excavating and retaining has more virtue than the one - step ' s . through soil pressure analysis this paper does research on the differences and the links between the coulomb soil pressure theory and the rankin ' s , the vertical pressure at the slope surface when the slope surface is inclined and the retaining wall is rough , the soil pressure ' s distributing behind the panel , gets conclusion about the effect of both the slope body inner stability and the slope surface local stability to the soil pressure 通过分析比较，论证了对数螺旋线型比圆弧形作为边坡的假设滑裂面具有较多的工程优点，并为此编制了一个采用极限平衡法分析土钉支护的fortran语言程序，以此作工具对滑裂面的后移、土钉锚固段的超长、土钉总力的大小等方面作了研究，得出了有关土钉的长度与边坡的坡角、坡高、土体力学参数的关系、土钉总力与库仑土压力间的关系等结论；采用大型通用有限元数值分析程序ansys分别对采用土钉支护的一阶边坡、二阶边坡进行分析，重点是研究各排土钉的轴力分布规律、开挖方式及原始边坡形态对土钉的轴力的影响、上下阶边坡在土钉轴力方面的相互作用，得出了有关第一排土钉的设计问题、不同类型的土体应适用于特定的开挖方式、原始开挖出的边坡形态对一些类型坡体的边坡土钉支护有较大的影响而对另外一些影响不大、二阶边坡台阶宽度的合理确定、二阶开挖及支护比一阶时具有较多的工程优点等结论；通过土压力分析对朗肯、库仑两种经典土压力理论的区别与联系、坡面倾斜及墙背有摩擦时的坡面竖向应力分布、面板背土压力的分布形态作了研究，得出了边坡支挡土压力受坡体内部稳定与坡面局部稳定两个方面的影响、土钉支护面板背土体中卸荷拱的存在对面板受力有利等结论。
On basis of a review of the recent achievements , the distribution of the lateral seismic inertia force along the height of retaining wall and / or bridge abutment , and the calculation of the seismic soil pressure of cohesive backfill are treated with in this paper , for the revision of chinese earthquake resistant design code for highway construction , and a suggestion to combine sei smic design of retaining wall and of bridge abutment together into one chapter from the past in two chapters in the previous version is also worked out 结合规范jtj004 ? 89的修编，本文在总结已有研究成果的基础上，主要研究了挡土墙和桥台地震惯性力沿高度分布的规律，粘性填土的地震土压力计算和计算公式的简化，以及在公路工程抗震设计规范中将挡土墙和桥台的抗震设计归入一章的问题，具体包括如下5项工作。
